Budgeting and business planning

Creating a budget

Creating, monitoring and managing a budget is key to business success. It should help you allocate resources where they are needed, and should not be complicated. You simply need to work out what you are likely to earn and spend in the budget period.

Begin by asking these questions:

• What are the projected sales for the budget period? Be realistic - if you overestimate, it will cause you problems in the future.
• What are the direct costs of sales - ie costs of materials, components or subcontractors to make the product or supply the service?
• What are the fixed costs or overheads?

You should break down the fixed costs and overheads by type, eg:

• cost of premises, including rent or mortgage, business rates and service charges
• staff costs - eg pay, benefits, National Insurance
• utilities - eg heating, lighting, telephone
• printing, postage and stationery
• vehicle expenses
• equipment costs
• advertising and promotion
• travel and subsistence expenses
• legal and professional costs, including insurance

Your business may have different types of expenses, and you may need to divide up the budget by department. Don't forget to add in how much you need to pay yourself, and include an allowance for tax.

Your business plan should help in establishing projected sales, cost of sales, fixed costs and overheads, so it would be worthwhile preparing this first. See the page in this guide on planning for business success.

Once you have got figures for income and expenditure, you can work out how much money you're making. You can look at costs and work out ways to reduce them. You can see if you are likely to have cashflow problems, giving yourself time to do something about them.

You should stick to your budget as far as possible, but review and revise it as needed. Successful businesses often have a rolling budget.

Subjects covered in this guide

• Introduction
• Planning for business success
• What to include in your annual plan
• Budgets and business planning
• Creating a budget
• Key steps in drawing up a budget
• What your budget should cover
• Use your budget to measure performance
• Review your budget regularly
• Here's how budgeting and business planning helped my business grow

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